Dentistry as a possible route of hepatitis C transmission in Pakistan

milk of livestock as a possible transmission route of helicobacter pylori infection

aim : the current investigation aimed to evaluate ruminant raw milk as a reservoir source of this bacterium and analyze the diversity of caga and vaca genotypes as h. pylori virulence factors to find any relationship between these genotypes in human and animal h. pylori strains. background: the way of transmission of helicobacter pylori as one of the most controversial bacteria in the world whi...

Blood exchanged in ritual ceremonies as a possible route for infection with hepatitis C virus.

Of 52 blood donors (25 men and 27 women) counselled because their donation tested positive for hepatitis C virus antibody, seven (13.5%) gave a history of practising the ritual of blood exchange in their childhood or early adult life. This practice can cause transmission of blood borne infections or alloimmunisation, or both.

Frequency distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in different geographical regions of Pakistan and their possible routes of transmission

BACKGROUND Information regarding hepatitis C virus genotypes and subtypes circulating in Pakistan and various risk factors for their transmission are not known well. The specific objective of this study was to find out the frequency of various HCV genotypes present in well-characterized Pakistani HCV isolates and their possible routes of transmission. METHODS A total of 3351 serum samples wer...

A Silent Storm: Hepatitis C in Pakistan

comparison of seroepidemiology and transmission modes of viral hepatitis c in iran and pakistan